{"id":19779,"date":"2023-10-26T18:55:34","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T11:55:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/klubcahaya.com\/sosial\/?p=19779"},"modified":"2023-10-26T19:15:46","modified_gmt":"2023-10-26T12:15:46","slug":"nasib-pegawai-hindia-belanda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/klubcahaya.com\/sosial\/nasib-pegawai-hindia-belanda\/","title":{"rendered":"Nasib Pegawai Hindia Belanda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nasib Pegawai Hindia Belanda Dan Kaum Pergerakan Di Zaman Meleset<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sejak tanggal 24 Oktober 1929, bursa saham di New York anjlok, dan lima hari kemudian mencapai puncaknya. Efeknya, depresi besar ekonomi yang dikenal sebagai malaise terjadi di berbagai negeri di seluruh dunia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perdagangan Internasional Dan Pemasukan Negara Merosot Drastis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Setelah 29 Oktober 1929, perdagangan internasional merosot drastis dan pemasukan negara serta perorangan ikut berkurang, termasuk di Hindia Belanda. Krisis yang terjadi sampai tahun 1939 itu oleh orang-orang Indonesia menyebutnya sebagai Zaman Meleset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Menurut Onghokham dalam Runtuhnya Hindia Belanda (1987:81), depresi itu berjalan lama karena sikap keras kepala pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda yang menolak melakukan devaluasi Gulden, padahal negara-negara lain sudah melakukannya terhadap mata uang mereka masing-masing. Kala itu banyak negara meninggalkan standar emas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hal ini membuat banyak orang gelisah karena pemerintah mulai menurunkan gaji pegawai sipil dan militer, serta membiarkan gaji buruh perusahaan swasta ikut turun. Bagi para pegawai yang sebelum tahun 1929 hidup mapan, berkurangnya gaji dengan potongan 5 persen saja adalah tanda berakhirnya zaman normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pemberitaan Penurunan Gaji Pegawai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tahun 1930, penurunan gaji mulai menjadi bahan pemberitaan di koran-koran lokal Hindia Belanda. Pandji Poestaka (25\/07\/1930) memberitakan penurunan gaji pegawai tinggi di perusahaan perkebunan di Malang Selatan. Kala itu, pegawai dengan gaji di bawah 250 gulden perbulan tak mengalami pengurangan gaji. Sementara yang bergaji 250 sampai 500 gulden dikurangi 10 persen. Dan yang bergaji 500 sampai 1.000 gulden dipotong 20 persen. Lalu yang bergaji 1.000 gulden ke atas dikurangi 30 persen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sementara Kaoem Moeda (14\/11\/1930) memberitakan bahwa pada 12 November 1930 maskapai karet Indische Rubber Compagnie (Perusahaan Karet Hindia Belanda) mengumumkan penurunan gaji administrateur (administratur) perusahaan perkebunan Tanah Radja menjadi 300 gulden perbulan dan gaji asistennya berkurang menjadi 200 gulden. Kemudian Pandji Poestaka (06\/10\/1931) mengabarkan bahwa gaji pegawai ban Good Year diturunan sebesar 10 persen pada 1930.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di jajaran pegawai negeri sipil, seperti diberitakan Pandji Poestaka (07\/07\/1931), pada 27 Juni 1931 gaji anggota Landraad (Pengadilan Negeri), Volksraad (Dewan Rakyat), dan Algemeen Rekenkamar (Auditor Keuangan) dikurangi seperti gaji para pegawai lainnya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Keraton Kasultanan dan Pakualam di Yogyakarta juga mengadakan pengurangan gaji. Pandji Poestaka (27\/10\/1931) memberitakan bahwa pegawai dengan gaji di atas 50 gulden di dua keraton itu akan dikurangi 5 persen pada 1 Oktober 1931. Keraton Kasunanan dan Mangkunegaran di Surakarta juga melakukannya sejak 1 Agustus 1931. Pewarta Deli (28\/01\/1932) yang mengutip dari Aneta, menyebut bahwa 27 Januari 1932 telah ada pemberitahuan tentang penurunan gaji prajurit bantuan di Legiun Mangkunegaran dan Barisan Madura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

pengurangan Gaji Di Berbagai Perusahaan Menjadi Pembicaraan Para Pegawai Rapat Umum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pengurangan gaji di berbagai perusahaan, instansi, dan keraton menjadi pembicaraan selama bertahun-tahun sepanjang depresi ekonomi di Hindia Belanda. Rapat umum terbuka soal penurunan gaji berkali-kali menggelar di banyak tempat. Tak hanya oleh pegawai pribumi, tapi juga pegawai Eropa. Kebun binatang bahkan kerap menjadi tempat rapat umum pengurangan gaji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rapat-rapat umum itu juga kerap penuh protes. Pewarta Deli (08\/04\/1931) memberitakan bahwa pada 6 April 1931 telah terjadi protes penurunan gaji sebesar 10 persen di kebun binatang Jakarta. Kala itu kebun binatang Jakarta berada di lahan yang kini menjadi bagian dari Taman Ismail Marzuki. Mereka datang dari pukul enam pagi. Di antara massa yang hadir berasal dari Nederlandsch-Indisch Onderwijzers Genootschap (NIOG) alias Persatuan Guru Hindia Belanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beberapa anggota Volksraad (Dewan Rakyat) juga hadir. Pemimpin rapat umum menyatakan ada 175 panggilan telepon dari seluruh Hindia Belanda yang mendukung penolakan kenaikan gaji. Kriens, mewakili Associatie van Academist menyebut penurunan gaji tidak akan membawa hasil. Sementara perwakilan organisasi lain mengatakan akan berkeras menolak penurunan gaji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para pengusaha di Hindia Belanda yang punya tanggungan bank ikut terganggu. \u201cPada masa depresi, dengan naiknya nilai uang dan besarnya penurunan pendapatan uang, hutang-hutang yang harus dilunasi itu merupakan beban yang relatif lebih besar bagi anggaran belanja orang Indonesia yang berhutang itu,\u201d tulis Sumitro Djojohadikusumo dalam disertasinya yang berjudul Kredit Rakyat di Masa Depresi (1989:74).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Menggulung Kaum Pergerakan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ketika Zaman Meleset mulai muncul, pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda tengah pimpin oleh Gubernur Jenderal Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff. Memasuki tahun ketiga depresi, gubernur jenderal terjabat oleh Bonifacius Cornelis de Jonge. Pergantian gubernur jenderal ini tak lebih dari pewarisan sikap keras kepala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dua bulan setelah bursa saham New York ambruk, aparat kolonial era Graeff telah menggulung Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI) dengan menangkapi para pemimpinnya, termasuk Sukarno. Graeff yang mengalami masa-masa pemberontakan Partai Komunis Indonesia 1926-1927, berlaku keras kepada PNI yang khawatir akan berontak di masa krisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gubernur Jenderal de Jonge juga bersikap sama. Ia yang pusing mengatasi malaise, tak mau ada masalah tambahan yang kaum pergerakan nasional Indonesia timbulkan. De Jonge bertindak sangat keras dengan melakukan pembuangan terhadap kaum pergerakan ke luar Jawa. Tak hanya pembuangan Sukarno ke Flores, Hatta-Sjahrir yang baru tiba di Hindia Belanda dan belum tampak besar bahayanya juga ke Boven Digul (Papua) dan Banda (Maluku).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kebijakan penurunan gaji oleh pemerintah kolonial tak hanya membuat pegawai kelas menengah kekurangan penghasilan, tapi juga membuat buruh kelas bawah bertambah miskin. Dari sekian banyak pekerja di Hindia Belanda, para pekerja di Koninklijk Marine (KM) atau Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Belanda adalah kelompok pekerja yang paling keras melawan pemerintah. Sejumlah awak kapal Zeven Provincien melakukan pemberontakan pada Februari 1933.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para Pelaut Melakukan Perlawanan Terhadap Kebijakan Penurunan Gaji<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Para pelaut itu melawan kebijakan penurunan gaji. Tak hanya pelaut pribumi, pelaut kulit putih juga ikut berontak. Hukuman kepada para pelaku sangat keras, yakni pemecatan dan pemenjaraan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaman normal sulit kembali lagi. Krisis ekonomi tampak pulih ketika masyarakat Indonesia membiasakan diri dengan krisis sampai krisis baru yang lebih hebat mendatangi mereka. Rakyat Hindia Belanda yang kena imbasnya harus merangkak dan membiasakan diri sepanjang 1930-an. Golongan priyayi yang gengsi pada pekerjaan tertentu harus mau menerima pekerjaaan hina dalam kemiliteran. Tak heran jika saat itu banyak Raden yang mendaftar jadi calon perwira militer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nasib Pegawai Hindia Belanda Dan Kaum Pergerakan Di Zaman Meleset<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Desain website oleh Cahaya TechDev \u2013 <\/a>Klub Cahaya<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nasib Pegawai Hindia Belanda Dan Kaum Pergerakan Di Zaman Meleset Sejak tanggal 24 Oktober 1929, bursa saham di New York anjlok, dan lima hari<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10227,"featured_media":19783,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1902],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19779","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sejarah"],"yoast_head":"\nNasib Pegawai Hindia Belanda - Cahaya Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nasib Pegawai Hindia Belanda Dan Kaum Pergerakan Di Zaman Meleset. 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